ÿþ<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="js/column.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <title>E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</title> <style type="text/css"> .style1 { text-align: center; direction: rtl; } .style2 { direction: rtl; } </style> </head> <body> <!--MAIN PANNEL STARTS --> <div id="main_pannel"> <!--LEFT-PANNEL STARTS --> <div id="left_pannel"> <!--HEADER STARTS --> <div id="header_bg"> <!--LOGO-BG STARTS --> <div class="logo_bg"> <div class="logo_divider"> <h5>A*H3F@*@2<span>((1¯2Ì/G)</span></h5> <p class="content" style="direction: rtl">A*H3F*2  'F*4'1'* E-1'( BDE  *B/Ì1 4/G /1 3HEÌF ,4FH'1G Ì ©*'( G'Ì "EH24Ì  1381</p> <p class="more"><a href="photosynthesis.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> </div> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--LOGO-BG ENDS --> <!--WEB-DESIGN STARTS --> <div class="webdesign_bg"> <div class="webdesign_divider"> <h5>¯Ì'G'F<span>(©*'( 3'D)</span></h5> <p class="content" style="direction: rtl">¯Ì'G'F  '2E,EH9G Ì 9DE †Ì3*  'F*4'1'* AFÌ 'Ì1'F  ©*'( 3'D 1385 </p> <p class="more"><a href="plants.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> </div> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--WEB-DESIGN ENDS --> <!--ILLUSTRATION STARTS --> <div class="illustration_bg"> <div class="illustration_divider"> <h5>(HE 4F'3Ì<span>(©*'( 3'D)</span></h5> <p class="content" style="direction: rtl">(HE 4F'3Ì  '2E,EH9G Ì ©*'( G'Ì EA'GÌE ~'ÌG /1 9DHE *,1(Ì  *B/Ì1 4/G /1 ~F,EÌF /H1G Ì ©*'( A5D  (1¯2Ì/G Ì (Ì3* H GA*EÌF /H1G Ì ©*'( 3'D  'F*4'1'* A'7EÌ  †'~ 3HE 1390</p> <p class="more"><a href="ecology_fatemi.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> </div> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--ILLUSTRATION ENDS --> <!--ILLUSTRATION STARTS --> <div class="illustration01_bg"> <div class="illustration01_divider"> <h5>2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (' 1HÌ©1/ EHD©HDÌ<span>((1¯2Ì/G)</span></h5> <p class="content" style="direction: rtl">2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (' 1HÌ©1/ EHD©HDÌ  /H ,D/  'F*4'1'* A'7EÌ  (1¯2Ì/G Ì FGEÌF ,4FH'1G Ì ©*'( G'Ì "EH24Ì 14/  1390.</p> <p class="more"><a href="bio_molecular.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> </div> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--ILLUSTRATION ENDS --> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--HEADER ENDS--> <br class="spacer" /> <!--BODY-LEFT STARTS--> <div id="body_left"> <h1></h1> <p class="content_date" style="direction: ltr"><strong>Francé<br>Mohammad KARAMUDINI est professeur de biologie en Iran. Il a commencé sa carrière comme tel, en collège en 1974. Mohammad KARAMUDINI a reçu plusieurs prix pour son enseignement, son travail avec des étudiants et pour la recherche dans l'enseignement des sciences, entre autres, le prix de "meilleur enseignant" par le ministère de l'éducation (1990) Il a, par deux fois, reçu un prix pour son très bon enseignement de biologie et en 2001, il a été nommé le meilleur enseignant et chercheur du "centre pour l'évolution du materiel d'étude". En 2002, il était le meilleur chercheur dans "l'organisation des recherches educatives et la planification", en Iran. Il a publié plus de 25 livrets et livres sur la science et l'enseignement, entre autres "Evolution de l'enseignement de biologie dans les pays développés", présenté à "BioEd 2000, Paris, 2000" et "enseignement de base de projet dans l'enseignement des langues", East London, L'Afrique du Sud 2003. Son livre concernant la photosynthèse lui a apporté l'honneur d'être le meilleur auteur de livre éducatif pour le collège en 2003. Avant sa retraite en juillet 2006, Mohammad KARAMUDINI était le chef de la section de biologie à la "Organisation pour la recherche éducative et la planification", en Iran. Actuellement, il est le rédacteur en chef de "Enseignement de la biologie", en persan, le seul magazine trimestriel pour les enseignants de biologie en Iran.<BR><BR><BR> <p class="content_date" style="direction: ltr"><strong>English<br>Mohammad KARAMUDINI is an Iranian science writer, science journalist, lecturer, and editor in chief of  Biological Education : a quarterly publication in Persian. He is the writer and translator of numerous articles and books in Persian on biology and/or biology education. He authored or translated more than 40 science books and many more articles in Persian publications. Mohammad Karamudini is also a founder of Iranian Biology Olympiad and had been head of the national committee of Iranian Biology Olympiad for 10 years (1998-2008). He began his career in science education as a biology teacher in high schools of Iran in 1974. During his career, he has received numerous awards for his teaching performance among which is the "Distinguished Teaching Award" from the "Ministry of Education", in 1991. He has also conducted many researches in biology education and has been awarded for his efforts and contributions in science education with students and researchers. In 2001, he was selected as the Curriculum Development Center's outstanding educator and researcher. In 2002, he was selected as the most outstanding researcher of the Organization for Educational Research and Planning in Iran. He has several papers in English, including "Developing Biology Education in Developing Countries" presented in BioEd2000 in Paris (2000) and "Project-Based Learning in Science Education" presented in the 3ed International Conference on Science and Technology Education in East London, South Africa (2003). His books brought to him the honor of being elected as the best author of educational publications for secondary students several times in 2003, 2006 and 2011. Before his retirement in July 2006, Mohammad Karamudini was head of Biology Department, Organization for Educational Research and Planning in Iran for 10 years.<BR><BR> <!--BODY-BOTTOM STARTS--> <div id="body_bttm"> <!--BANNER STARTS --> <div class="banner"> <h4>digital&nbsp;portfolio</h4> <p class="more"> /1F¯Ì /1 "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì</p> <h5 class="style2">... E9DE'F ('Ì/ (G /'F4 "EH2'F (Ì'EH2F/ ©G †HF ~1H'FG 2F/¯Ì ©FF/. ~1H'FG (G *H39À ~'Ì/'1 EÌ 'F/Ì4/ EÌ /'F/ ©G '¯1 4G/ ¯DÌ 1' EÌ FH4/  ('Ì/ /1 '2'Ì "F ¯1/G 'A4'FÌ ©F/ EÌ /'F/ ©G F'~'Ì/'1Ì ¯D F'(H/Ì ~1H'FG 1' /1 ~Ì /'1/...<br> '2 E*F ©*'(</h5> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--BANNER ENDS --> <!--BOTTOM-LEFT STARTS--> <div id="bttm_left"> <h4 class="green_text" style="direction: rtl"><br><strong> <h4 class="green_text" style="direction: rtl"></h4><p class="date_bg"><span>,/Ì/</span><div class="style2"> </div> </p> <p class="content_date" style="direction: rtl">*****<br><strong> <img alt="" height="156" src="images/cover_3.jpg" width="125" /><br>2Ì3*F †HF ~1H'FG  E,EH9G Ì EB'D'*  /1F¯Ì /1 "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì</strong><br><strong>~J4¯A*'1 E$DA</strong><br> ... CG (G /3* EF 'E1H2 ,2 'ÌF BDE FÌ3*. ('1Ì  ./E*Ì EÌ CFE<br>('(H'DA6D (ÌGBÌ).<br> "F †G /1 'ÌF E,EH9G ¯1/ "E/G  1G "H1/ 3A1 3Ì H G4* 3'DG Ì F¯'1F/G /1 H'/Ì "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì '3* 3A1Ì ©G '2 1H2¯'1'F ,H'FÌ ©G /1 1H3*'G'Ì /H1/3* ©4H1E'F G1 1H2 3-1 ¯'G'F (G 4HB /Ì/'1 /'F4 "EH2'F H ¯A* H¯H /1('1À ,G'F 2F/G †4E EÌ ¯4H/  ":'2 4/G H *' /H1'F EÌ'F 3'DÌP 'E1H2 ©G /1 ,3* H ,HÌ 1'G G'  1H4 G' H E-*H'Ì "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì ,G'F  FÌEÌ '2 ©1G Ì .'©Ì 1' /1 E4'G/À 'ÌF 2EÌFG '2 E91A* (41Ì /1FHN1/Ì/G '3*  '/'EG /'1/. ('1Ì  3(( ¯1/"H1Ì H 'F*4'1 'ÌF ©*'( /EÌ/F ,'FÌ *'2G /1 FH4*G G'ÌÌ '3* ©G (' E-*H' H E6'EÌFÌ ©GFG F4/FÌ /1 2Ì1 :('1 ¯01 'Ì'E /1 D' (G D'Ì 5A-'* E,DG /1 .H'(  1©H/ H A1'EH4Ì (G 31 EÌ (1/F/. 'ÌF E,EH9G /1 H'B9 /1(1¯Ì1F/À FH4*G G'Ì (1¯2Ì/À F¯'1F/G '3* ©G 7Ì 3'D G'Ì 90- 1383 /1 A5D F'EG Ì 14/ "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (G †'~ 13Ì/G H E*F'3( (' EHB9Ì* '(1'2 H FÌ2 ¯01 2E'F 'F/©Ì HÌ1'3*G 4/G 'F/.<br>E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ <br class="spacer" /> <p class="style2">*****<br><strong><img alt="" height="156" src="images/port_04.jpg" width="125" /><br>©*'( (HE 4F'3Ì  'F*4'1'* A'7EÌ </strong><br><strong>~J4¯A*'1 E$DA</strong><br> (HE 4F'3I JCI '2 EH6H9 G'I ,'D( H /1 9JF -'D ~O1 'GEJ* 2J3* 4F'3I '3*. (1'I /1CP (G*1 EA'GJE "F ('J/ /1 EC'F H 2E'F 3A1 CFJE (G 7H1 3J3*EI H ,G'FI (JF/J4JE  /J/ .H/ 1' ¯3*14 /GJE  F¯'GI GEG 3H(JF H COD F¯1 /'4*G ('4JE H (1 ~'JG Ì (JF4 9DEI  1HJ/'/G'I ¯04*G H "JF/G 1' E1H1 CFJE.<br> '¯1 *1'2G'I 2J3*I 1' (G *1*J( '2 CH†C (G (21¯  '*E  EHDCHD  /14* EHDCHD  'F/'EC  3DHD  ('A*  'F/'E  /3*¯'G  EH,H/ 2F/G  ,E9J*  ¯HFG  ',*E'9 H (JH3A1 (/'FJE  (HE 4F'3I (J4*1 (' *1'2G'I /14* *1  '2 ,E9J* (G (9/ 31H C'1 /'1/. E+D'K GE'F 7H1 CG E' E9EHD'K HB*I CG JC EH,H/ 2F/G 1' /1 F81 EI ¯J1JE  C'1I (G JC'JC 3DHD G'I 3'2F/G Ì (/F "F F/'1JE H (G *HD/ H E1¯ J' 31FH4* G2'1'F 3DHDI CG /1 G1 D-8G /1HF (/F "F E*HD/ EI 4HF/  J' EI EJ1F/ 1' /1 F81 EI ¯J1JE H (G 2F/¯I H E1¯ JC'JC « ¯HFG » *H,G F/'1JE /1 (HE 4F'3I GE (J4*1 'A1'/ ¯HFG *H,G †F/'FI FEI CFJE.<br> CH4J/G 'E /1 'JF C*'( (J4*1 EA'GJE '5DI ~'JG 'I (HE 4F'.*I 1' /1 -/ -H5D) E.'7( (G 2('FI 3'/G H (I ~J1'JG E71- CFE H '2 C'1(1/ EH'1/ :J161H1I -'4JG 'I (~1GJ2E. FEI /'FE *' †G -/ EHAB (H/G 'E. AD0'  /'H1I 1' (G 4E' H'EI ¯0'1E H 3~'3¯2'1 .H'GE (H/ †F'F†G E1' '2 F81 .H/ H C'3*I G'I C*'( "¯'G A1E'JJ/. 'JF C*'( /1 H'B9 E*F /1GE "EJ.*G 'I '3* CG /1 '(*/' (G B5/ */1J3 '2 †F/ C*'( E.*DA *1,EG C1/G 'E. F'¯A*G F¯0'1E CG 9E/G Ì C'1 1' '2 FH4*G G'I F:2 .'FE « 3JDHJ' EJ/1 » ¯1A*G 'E CG 3'D G'3* /1 *HAJBI ',('1I (' BDE 'J4'F 31H C'1 /'4*G 'E. (F'(1'JF  'JF C*'( E*FI CE*1 *#DJAI  (DCG (J4*1 *1,EG 'I '3*.<br> E-E/ C1'E 'D/JFI <br>*****<br><strong><img alt="" height="156" src="images/jeld_molekuli.jpg" width="125" /><br> 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (' 1HÌ©1/ EHD©HDÌ</strong><br><strong> ~Ì4¯A*'1 E*1,E'F</strong><br> †1' '2 EÌ'F /G G' ©*'( E9*(1 /13Ì /1 2EÌFG Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì ~'ÌG  'ÌF ©*'( 1' (1¯2Ì/G 'ÌE H (G *1,EG Ì "F ~1/'.*G 'ÌE (1'Ì ~'3. /'/F (G 'ÌF ~134 (G*1 "F '3* F.3* *'1Ì.†G Ì ~Ì/'Ì4 ©*'( 1' E1H1 ©FÌE H 3~3 H̘¯Ì G'Ì "F 1' (14E'1ÌE.<br> †G'1E '©*(1 1957 1HÌ/'/Ì F'EF*81  ©DÌ/P *-HDP 4ÌHG Ì "EH24 9DHE ,G'F 1' 2/. /1 "F 3-1¯'G ~'ÌÌ2Ì  GF¯'EÌ ©G ©H/©'F H FH,H'F'F 2EÌF GFH2 /1 .H'( "1EÌ/G (H/F/  ,3EÌ ©H†© /1 'H, "3E'F 8'G1 4/ H -1©* ":'2 ©1/. .(1 8'G1 4/F 'ÌF ¯HÌ AD2Ì .H'( '2 †4E 3Ì'3*E/'1'F 'E1Ì©' /H1 ©1/. "F'F E4'G/G EÌ ©1/F/ ©G 1BÌ(  Ì9FÌ '*-'/ ,E'GÌ1 4H1HÌ  F.3*ÌF E'GH'1G Ì 3'.*P "/EÌ 1' (G A6' ~1*'( ©1/G  E3'(BG Ì 9DEÌ 1' (1/G H 'Ì'D'* E*-/ 'E1Ì©' 1' (1 3©QHÌ *-BÌ1 F4'F/G '3*.<br> 'ÌF F.3*ÌF E'GH'1G ©G F2/Ì© (G 5/83 ©ÌDH¯1E ,1E H '3~H*FÌ© F'E /'4*  (G E/* 21 1H2 G1 92 /BÌBG Ì© ('1 (G /H1 2EÌF EÌ †1.Ì/ H 2F¯Ì E*F'H( H (1Ì/G (1Ì/G 1' ~ÌH3*G (G 5@/' /1 EÌ "H1/  2F¯Ì ©G (G 2F¯ .71 9B( E'F/¯Ì 9DEÌ 'E1Ì©' H ~Ì1H2Ì 1BÌ( "F *9(Ì1 4/. 3Ì'3*E/'1'F H E*.55'F 4©3* .H1/G (Ì /1F¯ (G ,3* H ,HÌ 9D* G'Ì 9B( E'F/¯Ì .H/ F43*F/ H ©H*'G 2E'FÌ ~3 '2 "F .(1 /'/F/ ©G EB51 '5DÌ 1' Ì'A*G 'F/: E-*H' H 1H4 "EH24 9DE.<br> *Ì1G'Ì 'F*B'/ H 312F4  (Ì /1F¯ '2 GEG 3H (G ,'F( (1F'EG 1Ì2'F "EH24 9DE ('1Ì/F ¯1A* H /1 'ÌF EÌ'F ©F¯1G Ì 'E1Ì©' (G 'ÌF F*Ì,G 13Ì@/ ©G ©H*'G *1ÌF 1'G ~1H14 /'F4EF/'F 31'E/ GE'F' /H1 1Ì.*F ©*'( G'Ì /13Ì EH,H/ H /1 'F/'.*F 71-Ì FH (G ,'Ì "F G'3* ©G FG AB7 /1 E-*H'  (D©G 1H4 G'Ì Ì'//GÌ- Ì'/¯Ì1Ì FÌ2 E*A'H* H FH ('4F/. Ì© 3'D ~3 '2 "F '-3'3 9B( E'F/¯Ì 9DEÌ  ©F¯1G Ì 'E1Ì©' (FÌ'/ EDÌ 9DHE 1' (1'Ì ,(1'F 'ÌF 9B( E'F/¯Ì 9DEÌ *#3Ì3 ©1/. 'ÌF (FÌ@'/ 'F3*Ì*H 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì 'E1Ì©' 1' E#EH1 *#3Ì3« 3'2E'F (1F'EG G'Ì /13Ì 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì» Ì' (G '.*5'1 BSCS ©1/  *' E-*H' H 1H4 "EH24 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì 1' /1 GEG J EB'79 *-5ÌDÌ E*-HD ©F/. 4¯A*' ©G F.3*ÌF G/A ~3 '2 4©3* /1 9DHE A6'ÌÌ  (G(H/ "EH24 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì '9D'E 4/. E/Ì1 ',1'ÌÌ HB* 'F3*Ì@*H 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì 'E1Ì©' /1 *H,Ì@G 'ÌF *5EÌE  †FÌ@F ¯A*: « EHB9Ì* 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (' EHB9Ì* 9DHE AÌ2Ì©Ì A1B /'1/. /1 (1'(1 G1 /'F4 "EH2 ©G 4ÌEÌ 1' /1 /(Ì13*'F 'F*.'( EÌ ©F/  /H FA1 (G 9DHE 2Ì3*Ì ¯1'Ì4 /'1F/ H /1 '2'Ì G1 A1/ ©G AÌ2Ì© 'F*.'( EÌ ©F/ ©F/  †G'1 FA1 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' 'F*.'( EÌ ©FF/. FÌEÌ '2 ,E9Ì* 'Ì'D'* E*-/  *FG' 4'.G 'Ì ©G '2 9DHE *,1(Ì EÌ .H'FF/  2Ì3* 4F'3Ì /(Ì13*'FÌ '3*» H 1&Ì3 ©EÌ*G Ì 1'G(1/Ì H ',1'ÌÌ BSCS /1 EH1/ E#EH1Ì*Ì ©G 'ÌF 3'2E'F ~Ì4 1HÌ /'4*  'ÌF 3.F'F 1' (1 2('F 1'F/: « ©'1 E' 'ÌF '3* ©G '(*/' "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' (113Ì ©FÌE H ((ÌFÌE EÌ *H'FÌE †G *:ÌÌ1'*Ì /1 "F 'Ì,'/ ©FÌE (' 'ÌF G/A ©G 9EHE E1/E 1' (1'Ì /3*Ì'(Ì (G /Ì/¯'GÌ 9DEÌ "EH24 /GÌE H ((ÌFÌE "Ì' EÌ *H'FÌE ©'1Ì ©FÌE ©G E1/E /1© (G*1Ì '2 (FÌ'/G'Ì -Ì'* /'4*G ('4F/ H '¯1 EÌ *H'FÌE  †¯HFG»<br> BSCS †F/ ©EÌ*G (1'Ì *9ÌÌF 'HDHÌ* G' 'Ì,'/ ©1/. H8ÌAG Ì 'ÌF ©EÌ*G G' "F (H/ ©G *9ÌÌF ©FF/ G1 /'F4 "EH2 EB79 E*H37G GF¯'E A'1: 'D*-5ÌD 4/F '2 /(Ì13*'F ('Ì/ '2 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì †G (/'F/. -'5D ©'1 'F*.'( 9 EH6H9 '5DÌ (H/ ©G EÌ ('Ì3* /1 (1F'EG G'Ì /13Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì /1 GE ('A*G 4HF/. /1 *'(3@*'F 1960 GÌ&* E$DA@'F  4'ED ¯1HGÌ '2 E-BB@'F /'F4@¯'GÌ GE@1'G (' 70 E9DE 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì /1 /'F4¯'G ©D1'/H E3*B1 4/F/. /1 G1 (.4 Ì© '3*'/ /'F4¯'G ©G E*.55 EH6H9 (H/  GE1'G (' Ì© E9DE A9'DÌ* 1' 41H9 ©1/F/ H G1 ¯1HG B3E*Ì '2 ©*'( H "2E'Ì4 G'Ì "F 1' FH4*F/. 'ÌF B3E* G' ~3 '2 ~'Ì'F  (Ì /1F¯ ,G* GE'GF¯Ì H FÌ2 :D7 ¯Ì1Ì /1 '.*Ì'1 E$DA'F /̯1 B1'1 EÌ ¯1A*. 44 GA*@G (9/ Ì© ©*@'( /'F4 "EH2  Ì© ©*@'( E9DE H Ì© ©*@'( "2E'Ì4@¯'G /'F4 "EH2 *#DÌA EÌ 4/. 'ÌF ©*@'( "2E@'Ì4Ì /1 100 E/13@G '2 31'31 'E1Ì@©' (G ',1' ¯0'4@*G 4/. /1 *'(3*@'F 1961 (1 ~'ÌG Ì '7D'9'* -'5D '2 ',1'Ì "2E'Ì4Ì  ©*'( EH1/ *,/Ì/ F81 B1'1 ¯1A* H ('1 /̯1 /1 3'D (9/ /1 500 E/13G H /1 3'D ~3 '2 "F /1 950 E/13G (G ',1' /1"E/. /1 'ÌF E/* (Ì4 '2 1000 E9DE 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì H 150000 /'F4 "EH2 /1 ',1' H '5D'- "F GE©'1Ì ©1/F/. /1 ~'Ì'F  /1 3'D 1963  (' *H,G (G *,1(G G'Ì (G /3* "E/G  'ÌF ©*'( /1 3G FH9 E.*DA: 21/  3(2 H "(Ì 21/ (' 1HÌ©1/ AÌ2ÌHDH˜Ì  3(2 (' 1HÌ©1/ (HE 4F'.*Ì H "(Ì (' 1HÌ©1/ EHD©HDÌ EF*41 4/. ©*'(Ì ©G ~Ì4 1H /'1Ì/  *1,EG Ì FGEÌF HÌ1'Ì4 "F ©*'( "(Ì '3*. /1 FÌE B1FÌ ©G '2 *#DÌA F.3*ÌF HÌ1'Ì4 "F EÌ ¯01/  'ÌF ©*'( GE'GF¯ (' *:ÌÌ1'* (3Ì'1Ì ©G /1 9DE 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì H FÌ2 /1 1H4 G'Ì Ì'//GÌ- Ì'/¯Ì1Ì 9DHE 1HÌ /'/G  E*-HD 4/G H (G ~Ì4 1A*G '3*. 'ÌF *:ÌÌ1'* (G ©H44 /'F4EF/'F H E*.55'F "EH24 9DE ©G ~ÌH3*G '2 GE©'1Ì (' 3'2E'F BSCS EA*.1 (H/G 'F/  (G */1Ì, (G HÌ1'Ì4 G'Ì ~Ì /1 ~Ì ©*'( 1'G Ì'A*G H (/'F 'A2H/G 4/G 'F/.<br> 'ÌF ©*'( 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' (' F¯'GÌ ©D F¯1 H E/1F E91AÌ EÌ ©F/. (1'Ì FEHFG  ©'/1G'Ì «~ÌHF/G'» '1*('7 G'Ì EÌ'F EH6H9 G'Ì E.*DA 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' Ì'/"H1 EÌ 4HF/. /1 (.4 G'Ì «*&H1Ì»  *&H1Ì G'Ì EGEÌ ©G (1'Ì /1© 9EÌB "F B3E* 'GEÌ* /'1F/  41- /'/G 4/G '3*. ©'/1G'Ì «F©*G 'Ì '2 4ÌEÌ» ~ÌHF/G'Ì EÌ'F 4ÌEÌ H 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' E71- EÌ ©FF/ H ©'/1G'Ì «†'D4 G'Ì 2Ì3* 4F'.*Ì» '1*('7 G'Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1' (' EH6H9 G'Ì ',*@E'9Ì  *-BÌBÌ  Ì'A*G G'Ì 9DEÌ H 4:D G' EH1/ *H,G B1'1 EÌ /GF/. /1©'/1G'Ì «1Ì4@G 4F'3Ì H'˜¯'F» .'3*¯'G H'˜G G'Ì (̯'FG Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (113Ì 4/G '3*. <br> '2 F.3*ÌF †'~ 'ÌF ©*'(  "EH24 ©'H4 E-H1Ì  /H1FE'Ì EHD©HDÌP EA'GÌE '5DÌ 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì H *E1©2 (1 E'GÌ* H 1H4 9DE '2 H̘¯Ì G'Ì '5DÌ "F (H/G '3*. ©'H4 E-H1Ì ©G F4'FP H̘G Ì GEG Ì F41Ì'* BSCS '3*  Ì©Ì '2 '3*'F/'1/G'Ì "EH24 9DHE H GE'F 1'GÌ '3* ©G /'F4EF/'F H ~˜HG4¯1'F 9DE '2 "F ¯01 EÌ ©FF/. /1 ©'H4 E-H1Ì EHB9Ì* G'ÌÌ /1 '.*Ì'1 Ì'/¯Ì1F/G B1'1 /'/G EÌ 4H/ *' 'H (*H'F/ (G 1H4 ~˜HG4¯1'F 1'G 9DE  (' 7(Ì9* H ,G'F ~Ì1'EHF '1*('7 (1B1'1 ©F/. .D'5G  'ÌF ©*@'( /3*P .H'FF@/G 1' EÌ ¯Ì1/ H 'H 1' (' 19@'Ì* GE¯Ì '3*@'F/'1/G'Ì "E@H24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì  ~DG ~DG '2 37- 9DE 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì (G /1HF "F H 3~3 (G '9E'B EÌ (1/ /3*'H1/G'Ì FHÌF 1' (G 'H F4'F EÌ /G/ H †'D4 G'Ì ~Ì4 1H 1' FÌ2. A9'DÌ* G'Ì "2E'Ì4¯'GÌ ©*'( 'H 1' H' EÌ /'1F/ (G 5H1* /'F4EF/Ì ,H'F .H/ 1H4 9DEÌ 1' (Ì'2E'Ì/ H '2 /3*'H1/G'Ì 9DEÌ .HÌ4 .4FH/ 4H/. 'H 1' *4HÌB EÌ ©F/ D.*Ì (ÌF/Ì4/ H (©H4/ E3'&D H /4H'1Ì G'Ì 2F/¯Ì E/1F 1' /1© ©F/ H /1 1A9 "F G' ¯'E (1/'1/. ~F,'G 3'D ¯01 /1 1'GÌ /4H'1 H /1 *:ÌÌ1  2Ì1 F81 E/Ì1'F H 2Ì3* 4F'3'F (F'E H ~˜HG4¯1'FÌ ©G .H/ 31'E/ E*.55'F "EH24 9DHE 'F/  '2 'ÌF ©*'( ©*'(Ì 31'E/ 3'.*G '3* ©G GE '©FHF 9D'HG (1 'E1Ì©'  /1 (3Ì'1Ì '2 ©4H1G'Ì ~Ì41A*G Ì 9DEÌ FÌ2 (G 7H1 13EÌ ~0Ì1A*G 4/G '3* H */1Ì@3 EÌ 4H/. <br> (,'3* ©G ,'E9G Ì 9DEÌ- "EH24Ì E' FÌ2 ©G †F@/Ì '3* 9DE H12Ì 1' 31 DH-G Ì ©'1 .H/ B1'1 /'/G '3* H EÌ ©H4/ ~DG G'Ì 9DE 1' /1 1'G /13* (~ÌE'Ì/ *' G1 †G 2H/*1 (G BDG G'Ì 9DE H AF@'H1Ì /3* Ì'(/  (' 'ÌF /3*@'H1/ (41Ì GE "4F' 4H/. ('4/ ©G "F 1' *,1(G 'Ì EAÌ/ H 4'Ì3*G Ì *H,G (Ì'(/.<br> GF¯'E (1¯1/'F ©H4Ì/G 'ÌE ©G EA'GÌE ~̆Ì@/G Ì 2Ì3* 4F'.*Ì 1' ©G /1 ©*'( '5DÌ E71- 4/G 'F/  (' 2(@'FÌ E9Ì@'1 H 1H'F (@G A'13Ì (1¯1/'FÌ@E. 3@9Ì ©1/G 'ÌE ©G '2 'A@1'7 H *A1Ì@7 /1 H'˜G ¯2ÌFÌ /H1Ì ©FÌE H (1'Ì (Ì'F EAGHE /BÌB *1 H'˜G G'  (Ì4 *1 '57D'- G' H H'˜G G'ÌÌ 1' (G ©'1 ((1ÌE ©G 1'Ì, *1 H /13* *1F/ H ©'1(1/ "F G' "3Ì(Ì (1 ~Ì©1G Ì ¯HG1 2('F E'/1Ì H'1/ FEÌ "H1/. ©H44 (1 'ÌF (H/G '3* ©G GEH'1G G/A '5DÌ *1,EG 1' ©G GE'F' 'F*B'D EA'GÌE '2 2('F 'F¯DÌ3Ì (G 2('F A'13Ì (H/G '3*  /1 (1'(1 /'4*G ('4ÌE H /1 GE'F -'D ~'3/'1 2('F A'13Ì ('4ÌE H ¯'EÌ G1 †F/ ©H†© /1 1'G :F' H '9*D'Ì "F FÌ2 (1/'1ÌE.<br>'F*8'1 EÌ 1H/ .H'FF/¯'F E-*1E  '¯1 ©*'( 1' EAÌ/ H 4'Ì3*G EÌ /'FF/  .H(Ì G'Ì "F 1' (G /̯1'F (¯HÌF/  'E' ©'3*Ì G' 1' (G E'  ©G ~Ì4'~Ì4 3~'3¯2'1ÌE. <br>*****<br><strong><img alt="" height="156" src="images/ethology.jpg" width="125" /><br>1A*'1 4F'3Ì</strong><br><strong> ~Ì4 ¯A*'1 E$DA</strong><br> 1A*'14F'3Ì Ì©Ì '2 B/ÌE *1ÌF H /1 9ÌF -'D ,/Ì/*1ÌF EH6H9 G'Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì '3*. (Ì ¯E'F 'ÌF EH6H9 ~Ì4ÌFG 'Ì (G /1'2'Ì *'1Ì. 2F/¯Ì "/EÌ /'1/  †HF '/'EG Ì 2F/¯Ì 'H (/HF ,'FH1'F EE©F F(H/G H "/EÌ GEH'1G F'¯2Ì1 (G 4F'.* 1A*'1 "F G' (H/G '3*. '2 3HÌ /̯1 9E1 1A*'14F'3Ì FHÌF *' 2E'F FH4*F 'ÌF 37H1 (1389) '2 80 3'D ¯01 FEÌ ©F/.<br> 1A*'14F'3Ì /1 ©4H1 E' EH6H9Ì FHÌF '3*. '2 H1H/ E,// "F (G ©*'( G'Ì /13Ì /(Ì13*'FÌ (Ì4 '2 /G 3'D FEÌ ¯01/. (G GEÌF 9D* EF'(9 FH4*'1Ì E-/H/Ì /1('1G Ì "F (G 2('F A'13Ì H,H/ /'1/. F(H/ EF'(9 '2 Ì© 3H H FÌ'2 (G E7'D9G Ì 1A*'14F'3Ì '2 3HÌ /̯1 *#DÌA ©*'(Ì ,'E9 H /1 9ÌF -'D .D'5G H 9'1Ì '2 2H'Ì/ H 41- G'Ì E(3H7  D2HE ~/Ì/ "E/F 'ÌF ©*'( 1' A1'GE "H1/ ©G 'EÌ/ '3* EAÌ/ 'A*/.<br> </p> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--BOTTOM-LEFT ENDS--> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--BODY-BOTTOM ENDS--> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--BODY-LEFT ENDS--> <!--FOOTER-BOTTOM STARTS--> <div id="footer-main"> <ul> <li class="active" style="text-align: center; direction: rtl"><li class="style1"><a href="about.html" title="/1('1G Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">/1('1G Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></li> <li>|</li> <li class="style1"><a href="books.html" title="©*'( G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">©*'( G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></li> <li class="style1">|</li> <li class="style1"><a href="papers.html" title="EB'DG G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">EB'DG G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></li> <li class="style1">|</li> <li class="style1"><a href="downloads.html" title="/'FDH/ ©FÌ/">/'FDH/ ©FÌ/</a></li> </ul> <br class="spacer" /> <p>&copy;&nbsp;Mohammad KARAMUDINI 2012. All Rights Reserved. <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--FOOTER-BOTTOM ENDS--> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--LEFT-PANNEL ENDS --> <!--SHDW-PANNEL STARTS --> <div id="shdw_pannel"> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--SHDW-PANNEL ENDS --> <!--RIGHT-PANNEL STARTS --> <div id="right_pannel"> <a href="index.html"> <img src="images/logo.gif" width="164" height="122" alt="logo" title="logo" border="0" class="logo" /></a> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="yellow"><span class="main"><span class="left"><a href="about.html" title="/1('1G Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">/1('1G Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></span></span></li> <li class="red"><span class="main"><span class="left"><a href="books.html" title="©*'( G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">©*'( G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></span></span></li> <li class="green"><span class="main" style="width: 191px"><span class="left"><a href="papers.html" title="EB'DG G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ">EB'DG G'Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</a></span></span></li> <li class="brown"><span class="main"><span class="left"><a href="downloads.html" title="/'FDH/ ©FÌ/">/'FDH/ ©FÌ/</a></span></span></li> </ul> <div id="portfoilio_bg"> <h2 class="style1"></h2> <p class="port_cont" style="direction: rtl"><BR>... CG (G /3* EF 'E1H2 ,2 'ÌF BDE FÌ3*. ('1Ì ./E*Ì EÌ CFE. ('(H'DA6D (ÌGBÌ)</p> <h5>H( D'¯ E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</h5> <img src="images/port_01_2.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_01" title="port_01" border="0" /> <p class="style2">'2 4E' †G ~FGHF...  H( D'¯ 4.5Ì E-E/ ©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ</p> <p class="more"><a href="http://www.karamudini.com/blog" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <h5>(G 2H/Ì EF*41 .H'G/ 4/</h5> <img src="images/port_01.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_01" title="port_01" border="0" /> <p class="style2">©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ  E-E/ 2Ì3*F †HF ~1H'FG: /1F¯Ì /1 "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì  E,EH9G Ì EB'D'*  1383 *' 1390  F41 .'FG Ì 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì  (G 2H/Ì</p> <p class="more"><a href="butterfly.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <h5>(G 2H/Ì EF*41 .H'G/ 4/</h5> <img src="images/port_02.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_02" title="port_02" border="0" /> <p class="style2">©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ  E-E/ (HE 4F'3Ì  'F*4'1'* A'7EÌ  1391</p> <p class="more"><a href="ecology.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <h5>EF*41 4/</h5> <img src="images/port_03.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_03" title="port_03" border="0" /> <p class="style2">©1'E 'D/ÌFÌ  E-E/ 1A*'14F'3Ì  'F*4'1'* A'7EÌ  1390</p> <p class="more"><a href="ethology.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <h5>©*'( (1¯2Ì/G Ì 3'D 1390</h5> <img src="images/port_02_3.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_02" title="port_02" border="0" /> <p class="style2">-Ì'* H-4 'Ì1'F: EG1G /'1'F  'F*4'1'* 7D'ÌÌ 1390  ©*'( (1¯2Ì/G Ì 3'D 1390 </p> <p class="more"><a href="vahsh.html" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <h5> E,DG Ì 14/ "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì</h5> <img src="images/port_03_2.jpg" width="188" height="83" alt="port_03" title="port_03" border="0" /> <p class="style2">14/ "EH24 2Ì3* 4F'3Ì 1H2 'HD G1 A5D EF*41 EÌ 4H/.</p> <p class="more"><a href="http://roshdmag.ir/weblog/zistshenasi/" title="(Ì4*1">(Ì4*1</a></p> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--RIGHT-PANNEL ENDS --> <br class="spacer" /> </div> <!--MAIN PANNEL ENDS --> </body> </html>